By Modia Batterjee
It is now well established that diabetes mellitus is a common disease in Saudi Arabia. Surveys indicate that almost 1 in every 5 Saudis under the age of 30 is a diabetic. This disease is present in epidemic proportions throughout the kingdom with high rates concentrated in urban areas.
Obesity in K.S.A.
In the total Saudi population the prevalence of overweight was 27.23% males, and 25.20% females. While prevalence of obesity was 13.05% males and 20.26% females. The majority of type 2 diabetics are overweight and obese.
Exercise
Recent evidence shows that regular exercise or physical activity helps regulate carbohydrate metabolism and is beneficial in the treatment and management of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
How?
Physical activity is defined as any form of body movement that causes an increase in metabolic demand. Therefore it can improve glucose uptake by increasing insulin sensitivity and lowering body fat. Exercise alone and when combined with diet and proper medication can result in improvements in blood sugar control especially in management and prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Exercise Prescription
- Clinician counseling and prescription of regular exercise should represent a major goal in the treatment and primary prevention of diabetes.
- An exercise prescription must be tailored to each patient’s unique set of circumstances. Exercise recommendations differ based on the:
Type of diabetes (1, 2, pre-diabetes)
- Age-group
- Special characteristics (adolescent, female…)
- Presence or absence of chronic diabetic complications.
Exercise goals
The prescription should:
a) Reflect an effort to optimized the anticipated benefits and minimize the risks from exercise:
Benefits:
- Cardiovascular risk reduction.
- Improved strength and physical energy.
- Better quality of life.
- Psychological sense of well being.
Risks:
- Microvascular and macrovascular complications.
- Metabolic control.
- Adjustments to the treatment regimen (med’s, calorie intake).
b) Be developed jointly by the patient and health care team.
c) Be enhanced by education of patient and family, appropriate medical evaluations, and development and use of well-informed guidelines.
Benefits of exercise
- Increased energy expenditure, which combined with dietary restrictions, leads to decreased body fat.
- Increased insulin sensitivity.
- Improved long-term glycemic control.
- Improved lipid profiles.
- Lower blood pressure.
- Increased cardiovascular fitness.
What kind of exercise?
30 minutes of regular exercise preformed 3 to 6 days a week, like:
- Brisk walking.
- Active yard work and gardening.
- Active house work.
- Bicycling .
- Golf.
- Volleyball.
- Football.
- Running.
- Aerobics.
- Weightlifting.
- Stretching.
Physical activity best practice:
- Begin with daily life activities.
- Walk for 10 minutes 3 times a day.
- Use stairs regularly instead of elevators.
- Park car several blocks away and walk to work.
- Make physical activity a family event by walking together.
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